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1. Corporate Induction
2. Railtrack Zone
3. Electrification and Plant Appreciation
4. Plant Maintenance
5. Maintenance Planning
6. Track Design
• Estimating
• Surveying
• Basic Design
• Curves
• Deficiancy and Cant
• Gauging
• Track Inspection
• Clearance analysis
• Centre and End Throw
• Buffer Locking
• Stepping Distances
• Design Proceedure
• Evaluation
7. Vehicle Systems Design
8. Manufacturing
9. Track Renewals
10. Electrification Testing and Commisioning
11. Electrification Design and Construction
12. Overhead Line and Track Renewals
13. Career Directed Experience
 
14. Links

End/Centre throw

Centre and end throw is where the train my protrude from the track more than would be expected due to horizontal curves. This can seen below.

Where:

R = Curve radius    A = Wheelbase    L = Length over headstock

The equation used to calculate the end and centre throws is as follows:

The idea behind identifying end and centre throw is to prevent train collisions, especially in places of S&C.